R. Keith Slotkin,

PhD

Member; Professor, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri – Columbia

Chasing Grand Challenges

Many scientists change research subjects throughout their career. Not Keith Slotkin.

He’s been asking the same big question for nearly twenty years: how does the cell know which regions of DNA should not be expressed? If Keith and his lab can figure out the answer to that question, they can create powerful technologies to help scientists improve plants — all without altering their genetic structure.

“Right now it takes 10-13 years from initial lab conception of improved crops to in-field application. With our research, that process could become drastically cheaper and faster,” explains Keith.

From The Lab To Field, Faster

If Keith’s research is successful, his lab could speed the pipeline from product development to commercialization. This would benefit farmers across the globe, but it would be particularly impactful for smallholder farmers in developing countries. Smallholder farmers often cannot access improved crops due to cost and regulatory challenges. With a quicker and cheaper product development pipeline, new agriculture technology would be more accessible.

Driven By Discovery

Keith is driven by the thrill of discovery. “When you push on the barrier of human knowledge and get it to nudge, it is massively gratifying. I’ll see students’ faces light up. That’s how you become addicted to being a scientist,” explains Keith. He and his lab wake up every day hoping to discover a new piece of the puzzle. Sometimes it happens, sometimes it doesn’t, but when it does, the excitement is contagious. “It can make your entire body feel lighter,” explains Keith.

Through education and outreach activities, Keith wants to share this excitement with kids throughout the region. “By engaging students with the scientific method, I want to show them that they already have the skills they need to think like a scientist.” He wants to help kids understand that being a scientist doesn’t have to do with having the most expensive equipment or a state-of-the-art lab — it all starts with asking questions.

On his history with hot dogs

"My grandfather was instrumental in the creation of the ballpark hotdog - so I enjoy discussing and debating what makes a great hotdog."

Keith enjoys exploring St. Louis with his wife and two daughters

"The Tower Grove Farmers Market is one of our favorite spots."

On his history with hot dogs

"My grandfather was instrumental in the creation of the ballpark hotdog - so I enjoy discussing and debating what makes a great hotdog."

Keith enjoys exploring St. Louis with his wife and two daughters

"The Tower Grove Farmers Market is one of our favorite spots."

Get in touch with R. Keith Slotkin

Research Team
Research Summary

The Slotkin laboratory seeks to uncover how plants determine which regions of their genomes should be expressed, which regions should not be expressed, and to create new technologies in plant biology.

Keith Slotkin

Principal Investigator

Terri Burton

Administrative Assistant

Seth Edwards

Graduate Student

Vivek Gandhivel

Postdoctoral Associate

Yu-Hung Hung

Postdoctoral Associate

Gerald 'Trey' Klaas

Research Technician

Marianne Kramer

Postdoctoral Associate

David Li

Graduate Student

Peng Liu

Postdoctoral Associate

Pratheek Pandesha

Graduate Student

Sandaruwan Ratnayake

Computational Research Scientist

Missy Rung-Blue

Grant Specialist

Ryan Swanson

Graduate Student

Keith Slotkin

Principal Investigator

Terri Burton

Administrative Assistant

Seth Edwards

Graduate Student

Vivek Gandhivel

Postdoctoral Associate

Yu-Hung Hung

Postdoctoral Associate

Gerald 'Trey' Klaas

Research Technician

Marianne Kramer

Postdoctoral Associate

David Li

Graduate Student

Peng Liu

Postdoctoral Associate

Pratheek Pandesha

Graduate Student

Sandaruwan Ratnayake

Computational Research Scientist

Missy Rung-Blue

Grant Specialist

Ryan Swanson

Graduate Student

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Transposable elements are fragments of DNA that can duplicate and move from one location to another. Their ability to replicate has resulted in transposable elements occupying more than half of most plant and animal genomes, including the human genome. Although often overlooked or dismissed as “junk DNA”, transposable elements are innovators that have played important roles shaping the structure and evolution of nearly all genomes.

Since the start of the lab in 2009, the Slotkin lab has been focused on understanding how plant cells control transposable elements and limit their mobility. Transposable element movement generates new mutations and structural variation within genomes and too many active transposable elements can cause an organism’s genome to fragment and affect fertility. We want to understand how plants detect transposable elements and how plants use a process called epigenetic silencing to stop transposable elements from moving within the genome. For more information regarding our projects aimed at determining how plants control and limit transposable element activity, see the papers below and our research webpage.

  1. Liu P, Cuerda-Gil D, Shahid S, Slotkin RK (2022) The Epigenetic Control of the Transposable Element Life Cycle in Plant Genomes and Beyond. Annual Review of Genetics, 56(1):63–87.
  2. Hung Y-H, Slotkin RK (2021) The initiation of RNA interference (RNAi) in plants. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 61:102014.

Over time, we have learned a lot about how plant cells control transposable elements. Through years of basic fundamental research in the lab, we slowly began to understand how transposable elements are recognized and repressed by plant cells, allowing us to manipulate and engineer this process. The second main project in the lab is to act as laboratory biological engineers to control transposable elements in plants. We can now control when a transposable element is active, the site where it will jump to, the sequences that will be delivered by the TE, and its epigenetic silencing. We are using this new-found control over transposable elements to help us perform gene editing to custom modify plant genomes. We believe that transposable elements represent an improved method to generate the next generation of crop traits and will be essential to create enhanced plants to meet societal challenges such as malnutrition and climate change. For more information regarding our projects aimed at controlling transposable elements to perform gene editing in plants, see our research webpage.

For an early peak of our work controlling transposable elements for use in gene editing, see:

Liu P, Panda K, Edwards S, Yi H, Pandesha P, Hung Y-H, Swanson R, Klaas G, Ye X, Veena V, Gilbertson L, Hancock CN, Slotkin RK (2023) CRISPR-targeted transposable element insertion for efficient plant genome engineering.

For our view on how technology can radically shift biology, see:

Shahid S, Slotkin RK (2020) The current revolution in transposable element biology enabled by long reads. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 54:49–56.

To view our plea to the biology community not to overlook transposable elements, see:

Slotkin, R. K. “The Case for Not Masking Away Repetitive DNA” Mobile DNA 9, no. 1 (2018): 475. doi:10.1186/s13100-018-0120-9

Lastly, to see our work on climate change and the plant’s response to high CO2 levels, see:

Panda K, Mohanasundaram B, Gutierrez J, McLain L, Castillo SE, Sheng H, Casto A, Gratacós G, Chakrabarti A, Fahlgren N, Pandey S, Gehan MA, Slotkin RK (2023) The plant response to high CO2 levels is heritable and orchestrated by DNA methylation. New Phytologist, 238:2427-2439.